123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 123456789 1234567890 Terms of Reference for the IGS Ionosphere Working Group ------------------------------------------------------- Joachim Feltens on behalf of the GPS-IONO Group Initial version: June 5, 1998 1st update: December 6, 2000 2nd update: September 16, 2002 General Goals ------------- The IGS Ionosphere Working Group is a long-term working group (WG). It should be active at least till the end of the next solar maximum. It exploits the permanent IGS network of stations and the IGS infrastructure to derive global IGS ionosphere maps and IGS ionosphere models. The WG's major task consists of the routine provision of IGS Global Ionosphere Maps based on a combination of ionosphere maps regularly produced by IGS Ionosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs). Another important goal consists of the validation of the IGS Ionosphere Maps. Validations based on self-consistency tests shall be run routinely, and their output shall enter into the combination weights. Additional kinds of validation shall be performed, concretely with VTEC derived from TOPEX, Envisat and Jason dual-frequency altimeter data. Further types of validations might be performed, these may run only for a limited time. These validation activities may lead, long-termed, in the collaboration with the ionosphere community, to an IGS Ionosphere Model. Initial Work Plan 1998-2000 --------------------------- The following goals should be achieved in the time period mid 1998 to mid 2000 (these goals were stated in the ionosphere position paper at the Darmstadt workshop): - Global ionosphere maps (TEC maps) including satellite-specific differential code biases (DCBs) from contributing Analysis Centers are made available in IONEX format through the IGS Global Data Centers. - Definition of minimum analysis and performance standards for IAACs: - minimum analysis standards, see recommendations of Darmstadt position paper, - ionosphere products are made available not later than the IGS final orbits and EOPs, i.e., 11 days after the observations. - TEC maps and DCB values as produced by individual analysis centers are compared by the IGS Ionosphere Coordinating Center. A weekly report has to be produced. - Individual TEC maps and DCB sets are combined into a preliminary IGS Combined Ionosphere Product. The weekly report contains also "rms-values" relative to the combined product. - Validation of IGS Ionosphere Products using independent data and methods (ionosondes, TOPEX, future satellite missions, etc.). The WG has to define criteria and guidelines for the validation of TEC maps (absolute accuracy in comparison with independent ionospheric data, consistency between equivalent TEC maps). - A comparison of TEC maps with TEC data derived from well-known models such as IRI will be useful to check both, the IONEX data as well as the model considered. - Deadlines for ionosphere product delivery will be reviewed after at least one year of pilot service. Possibly, an IGS Rapid Ionosphere Product may be defined. - Principles for the definition of an IGS Ionosphere Model are developed. On the occasion of the solar eclipse on 11 August 1999 the WG will organize and coordinate a special observation campaign. This event is a unique opportunity to demonstrate the power of the GPS technique in monitoring the ionospheric ionization. As the zone of totality crosses Europe, the rather dense portion of the IGS network provides excellent conditions for monitoring the eclipse. Nevertheless, non-IGS stations should also be activated and included in the data analysis. New Work Plan 2001-2002 ----------------------- The following goals should be achieved in the time period beginning 2001 to end 2002: - TEC maps and satellite & station DCB values as produced by individual IAACs are compared and combined by the IGS Ionosphere Associate Combination Center (IACC). A weekly report has to be produced, containing also "rms-values" relative to the combined IGS ionosphere product. - The combination weighting shall be based on validation by self-consistency tests of the different IAAC TEC maps. These validations will routinely be performed by the Ionosphere Associate Validation Centers (IAVCs) prior to the weekly combination - so that their output can enter into the combination. - Further validation of IGS Ionosphere Products using independent data and methods (ionosondes, TOPEX, Champ, other non-GPS derived ionosphere models, etc.) shall additionally be performed. - Combined IGS - as well as individual IAACs ionosphere products shall be made available in IONEX format through the IGS Global Data Centers, namely CDDIS. - Deadlines for ionosphere product delivery must considerably be reduced with respect to the current (December 2000) processing schedule (11 days). Pos- sibly, an IGS Rapid Ionosphere Product may be defined. - Activities on the development of an IGS Ionosphere Model might be started. - Further IGS Analysis Centers should be encouraged to join as IAAC. - Exploitation of the IGS capabilities and resources to support of the ionosphere community with global high-rate GPS tracking data during ionosphere-relevant events (the solar eclipse campaign in 1999; a solar maximum campaign for spring 2001 is in the planning phase). - A possible extent of the Iono_WG activities into the direction of occultation observations and scintillation measurements should considered. New Work Plan 2003-2004 ----------------------- The following goals should be achieved in the time period beginning 2003 to end 2004: - From the beginning of 2003 on, IONEX files containing IGS combined global TEC maps and satellite & station DCB values shall be delivered as the official IGS combined ionosphere product through the IGS Global Data Centers, namely the CDDIS. This IGS ionosphere product is obtained by combining individual IAACs TEC maps and DCB values. The IGS Ionosphere Associate Combination Center (IACC) is responsible for the establishment of this combined IGS ionosphere product and its timely delivery to the CDDIS and the other IGS Global Data Centers. A weekly report has to be produced, containing also "rms-values" relative to the combined IGS ionosphere product. - The combination weighting is based on validation by self-consistency tests of the different IAAC TEC maps. These validations are routinely performed by the Ionosphere Associate Validation Centers (IAVCs) prior to the weekly combi- nation - so that their output can enter into the combination. - Additionally, routine validations with dual-frequency altimeter data shall be made. TOPEX, Envisat and Jason altimeter data shall be used for these vali- dations. - Further validations of IGS Ionosphere Products using independent data and methods (ionosondes, other non-GPS derived ionosphere models, etc.) shall be performed, whenever opportunities arise. - Reduction of the combined IGS TEC maps from 2 hours to 1 hour. - Reduction of ionosphere products delivery time lines. A pilot project shall be initiated to find out what order of time reductions can be achieved and whether the implementation of a near real time service is possible. The current combination with a 11-days delay should be maintained as "final" product, new corresponding "rapid" product(s) could be introduced. - Identification of possible new working areas & products (occultation, scintillation, ... others?) should be considered. - Extension to the usage of other than GPS data (Champ, Galileo, ionosonde, ... others?) might be considered. The pure GPS-based product should be main- tained. Products being derived from mixed data shall be introduced as new products. (The inclusion of non-GPS data might require a principal decision by the IGS Governing Board on whether such an inclusion conforms to the IGS terms of reference). - Activities on the development of an IGS Ionosphere Model might be started. - Further IGS Analysis Centers should be encouraged to join as IAAC. - Exploitation of the IGS capabilities and resources to support of the ionosphere community with global high-rate GPS tracking data during ionosphere-relevant events (like the Solar Eclipse Campaign in 1999 and the HIRAC/SolarMax Campaign in 2001). - Possibilities of cooperation with other projects, like the Geosciences Standing Scientific Group, shall be aimed for. Structure of the Working Group (complete membership list attached at the end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Representatives of those Analysis Centers which confirmed their willingness to contribute to an IGS Ionosphere Service: Mihail Codrescu (SEC), Coster, Anthea J. (MIT), Doherty, Patricia H. (BC), Joachim Feltens (ESOC), Mariusz Figurski (WUT), Manuel Hernandez-Pajares (UPC), Pierre Heroux (NRCan), Steven Musman (NOAA), Stefan Schaer (CODE), Peter Stewart (UNB), Rene Warnant (ROB), Brian Wilson (JPL), representatives from the ionosphere research community, Dieter Bilitza (GSFC), Norbert Jakowski (DLR), John A. Klobuchar (AOL), Reinhard Leitinger (TU Graz), as IGS Analysis Center Coordinator, Gerd Gendt (GFZ Potsdam), and as representatives from the IGS CB, Ruth Neilan (JPL), Moore Angelyn W. (JPL). The IGS Ionosphere Working Group consists of (complete member list attached) - Chairperson: Manuel Hernandez-Pajares (UPC). - IGS Ionosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs) generating ionosphere maps in the IONEX format with the defined time resolution: CODE, ESOC, JPL, NRCan, UPC. - IGS Ionosphere Associate Combination Center (IACC) being responsible for the weekly computation of the combined IGS ionosphere product: UPC. - IGS Ionosphere Associate Validation Centers (IAVCs) performing the weekly self-consistency test validation runs prior to the weekly comparison: NRCan, UPC. - IGS Ionosphere Associate Validation Centers (IAVCs) performing the weekly validation runs with VTEC from dual-frequency altimeter data: ESOC for validations with Envisat data, JPL for validations with TOPEX and Jason data. The chairperson should be the representative of a TEC map producing center (IAAC/IACC). The IACC must be associated with one of the IAACs. The IAVCs should also have experience in the analysis of alternative (non-GPS) data. Schedule for the major task --------------------------- - At the beginning of 2003: After all upgrades in the comparison/combination software are completed and the software has been delivered and installed at the new IACC at UPC by the end of 2002, start to deliver combined IGS ionosphere products to the CDDIS and the other IGS Global Data Centers. - Report to IGS GB & Review of first year real IGS ionosphere products combinations (December 2003). Acronyms --------- BC ... Boston College, Institute for Scientific Research, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, U.S.A. CB ... Central Bureau CCAR ... Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. CODE ... Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, Astronomical Institute, University of Berne, Switzerland CDDIS ... Crustal Dynamics Data Information System, Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland,U.S.A. DCB ... Differential Code Bias DLR ... Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Fernerkundungsstation Neustrelitz, Germany ESOC ... European Space Operations Centre, Darmstadt, Germany GB ... Governing Board GFZ ... GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany GPS ... Global Positioning System GSFC ... Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A. IAAC ... Ionosphere Associate Analysis Center IACC ... Ionosphere Associate Combination Center IAVC ... Ionosphere Associate Validation Center IGS ... International GPS Service IONEX ... IONosphere Map EXchange Format IRI ... International Reference Ionosphere JPL ... Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, U.S.A. MIT ... Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S.A. NOAA ... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, U.S.A. NRCan ... Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ROB ... Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium SEC ... Space Environment Center, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. TEC ... Total Electron Content TU Graz ... Technical University Graz, Graz, Austria TU Vienna ... Technical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria UNB ... University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada UPC ... Polytechnical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain VTEC ... Vertical Total Electron Content WUT ... Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland ATTACHMENT: Complete Iono_WG member list (status at 16 September 2002) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Iono_WG's common e-mail address: GPS-IONO@listserv.unb.ca Our Iono_WG's common e-mail address: IONO-WG@listserv.unb.ca (for WG members only, not for "observers", see Status) ################################################################################ Beutler, Gerhard Status: Observer Astronomical Institute, University of Berne (AIUB) Sidlerstrasse 5 CH-3012 Berne SWITZERLAND Tel: ++41-31-631-8591 8596 FAX: ++41-31-631-3869 e-mail: beutler@aiub.unibe.ch URL www.cx.unibe.ch/aiub ################################################################################ Bilitza, Dieter Status: Iono_WG member NASA/RSTX, NSSDC, Code 632 Greenbelt, MD 20771 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (301) 286-0190 FAX: ++1 (301) 286-1771 e-mail: dbilitza@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov and BILITZA@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov IRI URL: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/models/iri.html ################################################################################ Cander, Ljiljana R. Status: Iono_WG member Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Radio Communications Research Unit Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom Tel: +44-(0)1235-446414 Fax: +44-(0)1235-446140 Mobile: +44(0)77 156 20646 e-mail: l.cander@rl.ac.uk URL http://www.rcru.rl.ac.uk/intro.htm ################################################################################ Codrescu, Mihail Status: Iono_WG member 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80303 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (303) 497-6763 FAX: ++1 (303) 497-3645 e-mail: codrescu@sec.noaa.gov URL http://solar.sec.noaa.gov/~codrescu/topex/topex.html ################################################################################ Coster, Anthea J. Status: Observer Millstone Hill Radar M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood Street Lexington, MA 02173-9108 U.S.A. Tel: ++1-781-981-5658 or ++1-781-981-3521 FAX: ++1-781-981-4591 e-mail: coster@ll.mit.edu ################################################################################ Daniell, Robert E., Jr. (Rob) Status: Observer Computational Physics, Inc. 207 Fulton Street Norwood, MA 02062-2707 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (781)-762-2447 FAX: ++1 (781)-762-2508 e-mail: daniell@cpiboston.com URL http://www.shore.net/~cpibos ################################################################################ Doherty, Patricia H. Status: Iono_WG member Boston College Institute for Scientific Research St. Clement's Hall, Rm. 402 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (781) 377-4283 FAX: ++1 (781) 377-9950 e-mail: doherty@plh.af.mil ################################################################################ Dow, John Status: Observer European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) European Space Agency Navigation Support Office Robert-Bosch-Strasse 5 D-64293 Darmstadt GERMANY Tel: ++49-6151-90-2272 FAX: ++49-6151-90-4272 e-mail: John.Dow@esa.int URL http://nng.esoc.esa.de/gps/gps.html ################################################################################ Fedrizzi, Mariangel Status: Observer Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais-INPE Divisão de Aeronomia (DAE) Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 C. Postal 515 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, BRAZIL Tel: 55 12 3945-7180 Fax: 55 12 3945-6990 Email: fedrizzi@dae.inpe.br URL http://dae.inpe.br/ (Aeronomy Division) ################################################################################ Feltens, Joachim Status: Iono_WG member EDS at European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) European Space Agency Navigation Support Office Robert-Bosch-Strasse 5 D-64293 Darmstadt GERMANY Tel: ++49-6151-90-2078 FAX: ++49-6151-90-2271 e-mail: Joachim.Feltens@esa.int URL http://nng.esoc.esa.de/gps/ionmon.html ################################################################################ Figurski, Mariusz Status: Iono_WG member Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) Institute of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy Pl. Politechniki 1. 00-661 Warsaw POLAND Tel: (48-22) 660-77-54 FAX: (48-22) 621-00-52 Telex: 81-33-07 pw pl e-mail: mf@orion.gik.pw.edu.pl and abwe@gik.pw.edu.pl or: Military University of Technology Institute of Civil Ingineering St. Kaliskiego 2 01-049 Warsaw POLAND Tel: (48-22) 685-91-81 ################################################################################ Gurtner, Werner Status: Observer Astronomical Institute, University of Berne (AIUB) Sidlerstrasse 5 CH-3012 Berne SWITZERLAND Tel: ++41-31-631-8591 8599 ++41-31-819 0050 (Observatory Zimmerwald) FAX: ++41-31-631-3869 e-mail: gurtner@ubeclu.unibe.ch URL www.cx.unibe.ch/aiub ################################################################################ Hernandez-Pajares, Manuel Status: Iono_WG member Group of Astronomy & GEomatics, gAGE/UPC Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC) c/ Gran Capita s/n, Mod. C-3 Campus Nord E08034-Barcelona SPAIN Tel: ++34-93-4016029 FAX: ++34-93-4015981 e-mail: manuel@mat.upc.es WWW Home page: http://maite152.upc.es/~manuel/manuel/manuel.html ################################################################################ Heroux, Pierre Status: Iono_WG member Geodetic Survey of Canada Geomatics Canada, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) 615 Booth Street Ottawa Ontario K1A 0E9 CANADA Tel: ++1 613-992-7416 FAX: ++1 613-995-3215 e-mail: pheroux@nrcan.gc.ca ################################################################################ Horvath, Ildy Status: Observer School of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Vic. 3083 AUSTRALIA Tel: 613 9479 - 2640 FAX: 613 9479 - 1552 e-mail: tspih@LUFF.LATROBE.EDU.AU ################################################################################ Jakowski, Norbert Status: Iono_WG member Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Institut fuer Kommunikation und Navigation (IN), Navigations- und Leitsysteme, Aussenstelle Neustrelitz Kalkhorstweg 53 D-17235 Neustrelitz GERMANY Tel: ++49-3981-480151 FAX: ++49-3981-480299 e-mail: Norbert.Jakowski@dlr.de ################################################################################ Jungstand, Arne Status: Observer Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Institut fuer Kommunikation und Navigation (IN), Navigations- und Leitsysteme, Aussenstelle Neustrelitz Kalkhorstweg 53 D-17235 Neustrelitz GERMANY Tel: ++49-3981-480150 FAX: ++49-3981-480299 Tel: ++49-3981-442581 (home) e-mail;internet: Arne.Jungstand@dlr.de ################################################################################ Kantor, Ivan Jelinek Status: Observer INPE-DAE (National Institute for Space Research) Caixa Postal 515 12.201-970 Sao Jose dos Campos - SP BRASIL Tel: ++55-12-345.6779 office ++55-12-322.1818 home ++55-12-345.6796 (Secretary) FAX: ++55-12-345.6990 e-mail: kantor@dae.inpe.br URL http://dae.inpe.br/ (Aeronomy Division) ################################################################################ Klobuchar, John A. (Jack) Status: Iono_WG member Innovative Solutions International, Inc. 27 Conant Road Lincoln, MA 01773 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (781) 259-3307 business (with answering machine) FAX: ++1 (781) 259-9932 Tel: ++1 (781) 259-0125 home (no answering machine) e-mail: tecgps@aol.com ################################################################################ Komjathy, Attila Status: Iono_WG member NASA - Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive, M/S 238-634A Pasadena, CA 91109, U.S.A. Tel: 818-393-6828 Fax: 818-393-4965 Email: Attila.Komjathy@jpl.nasa.gov ################################################################################ Kouba, Jan Status: Iono_WG member Geodetic Survey of Canada Geomatics Canada, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) 615 Booth Street Ottawa Ontario K1A 0E9 CANADA Tel: ++1 613-992-2678 FAX: ++1 613-995-3215 e-mail: kouba@geod.emr.ca ################################################################################ Langley, Richard B. Status: Observer Geodetic Research Laboratory Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick Fredericton, N.B., Canada E3B 5A3 CANADA Internet: LANG@UNB.CA or SE@UNB.CA BITnet: LANG@UNB or SE@UNB Phone: ++1 (506) 453-5142 FAX: ++1 (506) 453-4943 Telex: 014-46202 e-mail: lang@unb.ca UNB GGE Web page: My personal Web page: ################################################################################ Leitinger, Reinhard Status: Iono_WG member Institut fuer Meteorologie und Geophysik Universitaet Graz Halbaerthgasse 1 A-8010 Graz AUSTRIA Tel: ++43-316-380-5257 FAX: ++43-316-384091 e-mail: reinhart.leitinger@kfunigraz.ac.at ################################################################################ Mannucci, Tony Status: Observer Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) M/S 138-308B 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (818) 354-1699 FAX: ++1 (818) 393-5115 e-mail: Tony.Mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov URL http://sideshow.jpl.nasa.gov/gpsiono ################################################################################ Moore, Angelyn W. Status: Iono_WG member Deputy Director, IGS Central Bureau JPL/Caltech 4800 Oak Grove Dr. MS 238-540 Pasadena CA 91109 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (818) 354-5434 FAX: ++1 (818) 393-6686 e-mail: Angelyn.W.Moore@jpl.nasa.gov ################################################################################ Musman, Steven Status: Iono_WG member NOAA Geosciences Research Division SSMC3, N/NG6 1315 East-West Highway, Sta. 9840 Silver Spring, MD 20910 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (301)-713-2852 Fax: ++1 (301)-713-4475 e-mail: stevem@ulf.grdl.noaa.gov URL http://www.grdl.noaa.gov ################################################################################ Neilan, Ruth Status: Iono_WG member Director, IGS Central Bureau Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) M/S 238-540 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CA 91109 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (818) 354-8330 FAX: ++1 (818) 393-6686 e-mail: Ruth.Neilan@jpl.nasa.gov and ren@cobra.jpl.nasa.gov ################################################################################ Ola Øvstedal Status: Observer Department of Mapping Sciences Agricultural University of Norway P.O.Box 5034, N-1432 Aas, NORWAY Tel: ++47 64948876 Fax: ++47 64948856 e-mail: ola.ovstedal@ikf.nlh.no ################################################################################ Oyama, Kohichiro Status: Observer Planetary Atmospheric Physics Branch Institute of Space & Astronautical Science 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, 229-8510, JAPAN Tel: ++81-427-59-8178 Fax: ++81-427-59-8457 e-mail: oyama@bochan.ted.isas.ac.jp ################################################################################ de Paula, Eurico Rodrigues Status: Observer INPE-DAE (National Institute for Space Research) Caixa Postal 515 12.201-970 Sao Jose dos Campos - SP BRASIL Tel: ++55-12-345.6795 office ++55-12-345.6796 (Secretary) FAX: ++55-12-345.6990 e-mail: eurico@dae.inpe.br (* presently at eurico@logan.cass.usu.edu) URL http://dae.inpe.br/ (Aeronomy Division) ################################################################################ Reigber, Christoph Status: Iono_WG member Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.H. Christoph Reigber GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) Division 1: Kinematics & Dynamics of the Earth Telegrafenberg A 17, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany Tel: +49 (0)331 288-1100, -1101 (secr.) FAX: +49 (0)331 288-1111 e-mail: reigber@gfz-potsdam.de URL http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/ ################################################################################ Sardon-Perez, Esther Status: Observer GMV Isaac Newton 11 P.T.M. Tres Cantos 28760 Tres Cantos SPAIN Tel: ++34-91-8072167 (8072100) FAX: ++34-91-8072199 e-mail: esardon@gmv.es URL http://www.gmv.es ################################################################################ Schaer, Stefan Status: Iono_WG member Astronomical Institute, University of Berne (AIUB) Sidlerstrasse 5 CH-3012 Berne SWITZERLAND Tel: ++41-31-631-8602 ++41-31-631-8591 FAX: ++41-31-631-3869 e-mail: stefan.schaer@aiub.unibe.ch URL http://www.cx.unibe.ch/aiub/ionosphere.html ################################################################################ Sparks, Lawrence Status: Observer Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) M/S 138-212 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CA 91214 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (818) 354-6194 office FAX: ++1 (818) 393-5115 fax e-mail: lawrence.sparks@jpl.nasa.gov ################################################################################ Stewart, Peter Status: Iono_WG member Geodetic Research Laboratory Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick PO Box 4400 Fredericton, NB CANADA E3B 5A3 Tel: ++1 (506) 453 5088 FAX: ++1 (506) 453 4943 email: pstewart@unb.ca ################################################################################ Warnant, Rene Status: Iono_WG member Royal Observatory of Belgium Avenue Circulaire, 3 B-1180 Brussels BELGIUM Tel: ++32-2-373 02 51 FAX: ++32-2-374 98 22 e-mail: R.Warnant@oma.be URL http://www.oma.be ################################################################################ Weber, Robert Status: Iono_WG member University of Technology, Vienna Department of Theoretical Geodesy Gusshausstrasse 27-29 A-1040 Vienna AUSTRIA Tel: ++43-1-58801-12865 FAX: ++43-1-5042155 e-mail: rweber@terra.tuwien.ac.at ################################################################################ Wilson, Brian D. Status: Iono_WG member Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) M/S 138-308 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (818) 354-2790 FAX: ++1 (818) 393-5115 e-mail: Brian.Wilson@jpl.nasa.gov and bdw@logos.jpl.nasa.gov URL http://sideshow.jpl.nasa.gov/gpsiono ################################################################################ Xiaoqing Pi Status: Observer Jet Propulsion Laboratory M/S 138-308 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 U.S.A. Tel: ++1 (818) 354-4257 FAX: ++1 (818) 393-5115 e-mail: Xiaoqing.Pi@jpl.nasa.gov URL http://sideshow.jpl.nasa.gov/gpsiono ################################################################################ Yunbin Yuan Status: Observer National Survey & Cadastre(KMS) Geodynamics Department Rentemestervej 8 Dk-2400 Copenhagen NV DENMARK e-mail: yuan@gfy.ku.dk URL http://www.gfy.ku.dk/~yuan ################################################################################ Zandbergen, Rene Status: Observer European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) European Space Agency Flight Dynamics Division Robert-Bosch-Strasse 5 D-64293 Darmstadt GERMANY Tel: ++49-6151-90-2236 FAX: ++49-6151-90-2271 e-mail: Rene.Zandbergen@esa.int URL http://nng.esoc.esa.de/gps/gps.html ################################################################################